Changeability of transport behaviour in a large city from the perspective of working days and Sundays: The case of Lodz, Poland

The transport behaviour of Lodz residents with a view to constructing a balanced traffic model to include both private and public transport is examined in this paper. A survey was conducted among 6,000 Lodz citizens using mixed-mode techniques: CAWI and CATI: respondents were asked to complete a travel log for the previous day and the previous Sunday. This served as a basis for further analyses, performed with PTV simulation software, following a four-step model. The main results of the study are presented, including the mobility rate of Lodz residents, the motivations and duration of journeys, and the division of transport tasks into workdays and Sundays, indicating that a higher private carload is typical for home-other and other-home trips on Sundays compared to working days. The number of home to work and work-home trips via private cars is higher for working days compared to Sundays. Furthermore, the simulated traffic load of the public transport system is much higher for working days compared to Sundays. A higher percentage of non-motorised trips and longer trip duration are found to be common for Sundays as well.

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Value Migration Processes in the Real Estate Sector

The COVID-19 pandemic period brings huge uncertainty, especially for the real estate sector. On the one hand, restrictions on the mobility of a population, decline in travel demands, popularization of remote work and education models caused doubts among investors questioning the future of the sector and the functions of real estate. On the other hand, the large supply of cash after the first waves of the pandemic and the upcoming increase in inflation resulted in many investors boldly investing cash in real estate, considering them as assets of stable value. This research aims to analyze the processes of value migration among real estate companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange during this turbulent process. We analyzed the changes in the main drivers of value and the migration rates of the real estate sector based on data for 2018, 2019, 2020 and Q3 2021. The first period of the pandemic is the time of the collapse of the main profitability factors, sales and profitability of sales decline in the entire sector. However, the financial pillars of the analyzed companies are stable and we are not seeing signs of liquidity problems or a significant increase in debt. The second year of the pandemic is a significant reflection of most of the drivers of value, often to levels higher than those observed before the pandemic. Investors seem to remain insensitive to turbulent changes in accounting measures of effectiveness. We observe the relative stability of market measures. The processes of the migration of values from and to the sector do not show significant changes when comparing the periods before and during the pandemic. We observe various intensities of the studied phenomena in various groups of the real estate segment. © 2023 Michał J. Kowalski1 et al., published by Sciendo.

The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Emitted PM2.5 in Urban Road Networks: Using Loop Data and Kriging Method for Passenger Cars in the Central Part of the City of Lodz

In this paper, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emission of PM2.5 generated by passenger cars is investigated. First, traffic data collected from the inductive loop sensors is analyzed. Second, the traffic flow for the whole network system is estimated using an isometric transformed network and the Euclidean space, and the representative one is selected. Then, an emission model is presented for measuring the level of PM2.5 emissions by the passenger cars, and the integration process is given. Finally, the model is implemented on the central part of the city of Lodz, and the value of emissions before and after the COVID-19 pandemic is measured. Finally, the outputs and the process of the model calibration are depicted. Results show that before the pandemic, PM2.5 pollution was highly concentrated in the center and peripheral parts of the area under consideration, and it would gradually drop outside rush hours and grow at peak hours. After the lockdown, the pollution load throughout the whole area, and across its central parts in particular, decreased dramatically. Outputs also illustrate that restrictions not only lower the car-induced PM2.5 but also have a significant effect on the impact zones, areas affected by the pollutants. Another finding is that although the COVID-19 outbreak clearly poses a serious threat to life and health, it has had an exceptionally positive impact on the natural environment, becoming an unconventional mechanism for its restoration.

Position statement of expert panel of the polish allergology society on the management of patients with bronchial asthma and allergic diseases during sars-cov-2 pandemics. Update 1.06.2020

The Polish Allergology Society is one of the first to convene a panel of experts, who on March 30, 2020 presented a position on the management of patients with asthma and allergic diseases during the SARSCoV-2 pandemic. Most of the recommendations and opinions presented in this position remain valid until now. However, the dynamically changing epidemiological situation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection poses new challenges for physicians in the care of asthma and allergic diseases. Numerous published clinical observations and studies provide new information on asthma and allergic diseases in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The current document contains new recommendations in line with available knowledge and taking into account the views of other national and international organizations and societies.

Position statement of expert panel of the polish allergology society on the management of patients with bronchial asthma and allergic diseases during SARS-CoV-2 pandemics

The document prepared by the expert panel of allergy/immunology specialists representing Polish Allergy Society intends to provide allergists with recommendations with respect to proper management of allergic patients during SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. Allergist should aim at reducing patient’s social interactions by replacing face-to-face visits with communication via telephone or internet. In parallel allergist is responsible for assuring that the patient is receiving proper care of underlying allergic disease. The experts panel provides eighteen recommendations for management of patients with asthma and allergic diseases during pandemics, indicating that in majority of patients asthma treatment (including inhaled corticosteroids) and allergy treatment should be continued. Specific recommendations for treatment with allergen immunotherapy and with biologics are discussed in details.

Position statement of expert panel of the polish allergology society on the management of patients with bronchial asthma and allergic diseases during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic(Update 01.06.2020)

The Polish Allergology Society is one of the first to convene a panel of experts, who on March 30, 2020 presented a position on the management of patients with asthma and allergic diseases during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Most of the recommendations and opinions presented in this position remain valid until now. However, the dynamically changing epidemiological situation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection poses new challenges for physicians in the care of asthma and allergic diseases. Numerous published clinical observations and studies provide new information on asthma and allergic diseases in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The current document contains new recommendations in line with available knowledge and taking into ac-count the views of other national and international organizations and societies.